Gryllus bimaculatus extract protects against palmitate-induced β-cell death by inhibiting ceramide synthesis

Abstract Type I diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of β-cells, leading to severe insulin deficiency. Environmental factors and genetic predisposition are implicated in β-cell destruction, which final step a cascade complex events. Possible triggers activation Fas, perforin, increased generation reactive oxygen species, production inflammatory cytokines, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this study, we examined whether Gryllus bimaculatus (GB) extract could prevent palmitate-induced apoptosis. Exposure GB prevented death MIN6 cells, mouse pancreatic line. Palmitate total ceramide levels with elevation synthase (CerS)1, CerS4, CerS6 expressions. Treatment decreased expressions ceramides related resistance. CerS4 overexpression, but not CerS1 cell increasing synthesis. Oppositely, inhibition synthesis fumonisin B1 treatment partially recovered death. Furthermore, reduced ER stress (phosphorylation PERK eIF2α), NF-κB–iNOS signaling, phosphorylation MAP kinase (JNK, p38). pro-apoptotic Bax protein expression anti-apoptotic Bcl2 expression. addition, overexpression aggravated impairment secretion palmitate, it. conclusion, be functional food that improves secretion.